托福阅读真题第176篇Costs and Benefits of Dispersal

Paragraph 1: In order to move from one home base to another, animals must expend calories not only while moving but even before the dispersal when they invest in the development of the muscles needed to move. For example, if a cricket is to leave a deteriorating environment and move to a new and better place, it will need large flight muscles to fly away. Presumably, the calories and materials that go into flight muscle development and maintenance have to come out of the general energy budget of the animal. This means that other organ systems cannot develop as rapidly as they could otherwise, which may mean that the flight-capable individual is, in some other respects, less fit to survive. 

1. In paragraph 1, the discussion of cricket dispersal is used to illustrate which of the following principles? 

O For dispersing animals, the benefits of dispersal exceed the costs. 

O Dispersal always involves costs for the dispersing animal. 

O Only animals with the greatest fitness for survival are able to disperse. 

O Dispersal, as much as organ development, requires energy.

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